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Global meaning of China-UK cooperation
China and Britain have recently signed dozens of government or non-government agreements, totaling more than 30 billion U.S. dollars and covering energy, finance, high-speed rail, nuclear power and other fields. This reflects the results of a policy of the two parties complementing each other's strengths to the mutual benefit of both. It has profound global significance because of the extent of cooperation and the two countries' status.
China and Britain have recently signed dozens of government or non-government agreements, totaling more than 30 billion U.S. dollars and covering energy, finance, high-speed rail, nuclear power and other fields. This reflects the results of a policy of the two parties complementing each other's strengths to the mutual benefit of both. It has profound global significance because of the extent of cooperation and the two countries' status.
As the largest developing country promoting economic transformation and upgrading, China has a huge market, huge foreign exchange reserves and a competitive manufacturing industry, while Britain is a veteran developed economy trying to sustain itself on the path to recovery. It has a strong financial system and advanced science and technology. It is also a world leader in energy and environmental protection.
Despite the fact that Britain and other developed countries are showing indications of an economic recovery, they face many difficulties in creating new economic growth points, and they need to seek the benefits brought by trade and foreign policies. China, as the world's second largest economy, has a growing consumer market and funds available for investment, and has made a substantial contribution to the international economy.
We can say that trade between China and Britain is moving beyond a simple trading relationship towards a higher quality and more in-depth investment relationship. Bilateral cooperation will benefit not only the two countries, but also the wider international economy.
UK cooperation with China is not just limited to the economic and trade fields.
This year marks the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Sino-UK comprehensive strategic partnership. In international affairs, Sino-UK ties have seen increasing co-operation. The two countries cooperate well in world organizations including the UN Security Council and G20, and on international issues such as climate change and free trade.
Reviewing Sino-UK relations, there have been ups and downs, but the overall trend is upward and forward.
Britain established diplomatic relations in 1972, and bilateral relations have been normalized; in 1984 the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong was signed, clearing the main obstacle to development of bilateral relations; the decision was taken to build a new partnership in 2004 - a comprehensive strategic partnership for the 21st century - and new goals were set for relations between the two countries.
Humanities exchange mechanisms have become an important pillar of bilateral relations. Currently there are more than 100,000 Chinese students studying in Britain and there is a growing interest in studying Chinese. Recent measures have been passed to simplify Britain's visa process for Chinese applicants, which will undoubtedly boost cultural exchanges between the two countries.
Only by seizing opportunities and meeting challenges can the East and West, the developing and the developed countries, work together to build a better world.
As Premier Li Keqiang said during his visit to Britain, China and Britain are both countries with influence. Bilateral relations have gone through an extraordinary process and exchanges and cooperation in various fields are fruitful. In a multi-polar world of increasing economic globalization, Sino-UK relations will have a broader arena.
China expects to work together with Britain to plan new routes, lay new track, add new energy and push bilateral relations forward, which will also contribute to world peace and development.

(People's Daily Online)    June 23, 2014

法律之间冲突时的效力原则


正式的法的渊源的效力有时也被称为法律效力等级,或法律效力位阶。宪法(或根本法)属于第一层次,而民法、刑法、行政法、诉讼等基本法律属于第二层次,基本法律之下还可能有第三和第四层次的法律等等。不同位阶的法的渊源之间的冲突原则包括宪法至上原则、法律高于法规原则、法规高于规章原则、行政法规高于地方性法规原则等。


同一位阶的法的渊源之间的冲突原则,主要包括:(1)全国性法律优先原则。(2)特别法优先原则。(3)后法优先或新法优先原则。(4)实体法优先原则。(5)国际法优先原则。(6)省、自治区的人民政府制定的规章的效力高于本行政区域内的较大的市的人民政府制定的规章。


位阶出现交叉时的法的渊源之间的冲突原则,我国《立法法》主要规定:(1)自治条例和单行条例依法对法律、行政法规、地方性法规作变通规定的,在本自治地方适用自治条例和单行条例的规定。(2)经济特区法规根据授权对法律、行政法规、地方性法规作变通规定的,在本经济特区适用经济特区法规的规定。(3)地方性法规、规章之间不一致时,由有关机关依照各自的权限作出裁决。



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